Based on population, a Black person was 5.6x as likely and a Latinx person was 1.5x as likely to be killed by police as a White person in Massachusetts from 2013-21.
We obtained data on 333 Police Depts in the state of Massachusetts.
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Statewide
Massachusetts
Scorecard at a Glance
Average for 4 Sections: 45%
Scores range from 0-100% comparing states with data from both state and local law enforcement agencies within the population. States with higher scores spend less on policing, use less force, are more likely to hold officers accountable and make fewer arrests for low-level offenses.
Worse
50th Percentile
Better
| Police Funding: 38% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Police Budget Cost per Person | ||||
| Misconduct Settlements | ||||
| Fines/Forfeitures | ||||
| Police Presence/Over-Policing (Officers per Population) | ||||
| Police Violence: 40% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Force Used per Arrest | ||||
| Deadly Force per Arrest | ||||
| Unarmed Victims of Deadly Force per Arrest | ||||
| Racial Disparities in Deadly Force | ||||
Worse
50th Percentile
Better
| Police Accountability: 35% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Misconduct Complaints Upheld | ||||
| Excessive Force Complaints Upheld | ||||
| Discrimination Complaints Upheld | ||||
| Criminal Misconduct Complaints Upheld | ||||
| Approach to Law Enforcement: 67% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrest Rate for Low Level Offenses | ||||
| Homicides Solved | ||||
| Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests | ||||
| Jail Incarceration Rate | ||||
| Jail Deaths per 1,000 | ||||
Key Findings
204 Killings by Police
2,552 civilian complaints of police misconduct
17% were ruled in favor of civilians from 2016-21.
1,000,161 arrests made
58% of all arrests were for low-level, non-violent offenses from 2013-21.
Police Funding By Year
$2.43B | 6,830,193 Residents | $356 per Resident
More Police Funding per Capita than 56% of States
Source: US Census Bureau
Funds taken from communities in fines and forfeitures
Total: $2.83B from 2010-20
More Fines/Forfeitures than 37% of States
Source: US Census Bureau
Number of officers per 1k population
15,923 Officers | 24.5 per 10k Residents
More Officers per Population than 81% of States
Source: Federal LEOKA Database
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Less-Lethal Force
Used More Force per Arrest than N/A of States
1,255 Incidents | 145 every 10k arrests | ▶+3%
No Data Found Add Data
Source: Police Department
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Deadly Force
204 Killings by Police from 2013-21 | 2 every 10k arrests
^ More Killings by Police per Arrest than 74% of States
Source: Mapping Police Violence
Deadly Force by Armed Status
7% Unarmed | 41% Did Not Allegedly Have a Gun
Unarmed
Other
Alleged Gun
Vehicle
^ More Unarmed People Killed per Arrest than 41% of States
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Police Violence by Race
Black
Latinx
N.Am
API
Other
White
Population of Massachusetts
Massachusetts Law Enforcement Demographics
People Arrested
People Killed
^ More Racial Disparities in Deadly Force than 72% of States
Source: Uniform Crime Report, Mapping Police Violence, LEMAS
Total civilian complaints
2,552 from 2016-21 | 17% Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Complaints Not Sustained
Complaints Sustained
Use of Force Complaints
271 Reported | 6% Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Complaints of Police Discrimination
74 Reported | 5% Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Complaints Reported
Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Alleged Crimes Committed by Police
86 Reported | 28% Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Complaints Reported
Ruled in Favor of Civilians
Arrests By Year
1,000,161 Arrests Reported from 2013-2021
Low Level Arrests
Other Arrests
More Info
Arrests for Low Level Offenses
575,377 Arrests | 11 per 1k residents
^ Higher Arrest Rate for Low Level Offenses than 4% of States
Disparities in Arrests for Low Level Offenses by Race/Ethnicity
Black people were 3x more likely and Latinx people were 2.5x more likely to be arrested for low level, non-violent offenses than a white person.
Black
Latinx
White
Percent of total arrests by type
All Arrests for Low Level Offenses ( 58% )
Drug Possession ( 5% )
Violent Crime ( 8% )
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Homicides Unsolved
1,282 Homicides from 2013-21 | 695 Unsolved
^ Solved Fewer Homicides than 12% of States
Percent of Homicides Unsolved by Race
Homicides of Black Victims Unsolved ( 54% )
Homicides of Latinx Victims Unsolved ( 45% )
Homicides of White Victims Unsolved ( 20% )
Deaths in Jail
98 Deaths from 2013-19 | 10 per 1k Jail Population
Homicide Suicide Other Investigating
^ Higher Rate of Jail Deaths than 40% of States
Jail Incarceration rate
16,776 Avg Daily Jail Population | 1 per 1k residents
^ More than 15% of Sheriff's Depts
People in Jail Without Being Convicted
54 % of People in Jail
Massachusetts Statewide Scores
Rankings are based upon a 0 to 100 percentage scale. States with higher scores use less force, make fewer arrests for low level offenses, solve murder cases more often, hold officers more accountable and spend less on policing overall.
Overall Scores for States where We Have Obtained the Most Data.
Tap "show more" to see extended list
* An asterisk indicates this location did not publish enough data to evaluate. Click below to add data to the Scorecard.
About This Scorecard
This is the first nationwide evaluation of policing in the United States. It was built using data from state and federal databases, public records requests to local police departments, and media reports. While police data is never perfect, and there are additional indicators that still need to be tracked, the Police Scorecard is designed to provide insight into many important issues in policing.
Police Scorecard is an independent 501(c)(3) organization, learn more about our team here. If you have feedback, questions about the project, or need support with an advocacy campaign, contact our Founder, Samuel Sinyangwe.
Use this Scorecard to identify issues within police departments that require the most urgent interventions and hold officials accountable for implementing solutions. For example, cities with higher rates of low level arrests could benefit most from solutions that create alternatives to policing and arrest for these offenses. In cities where police make fewer arrests overall but use more force when making arrests, communities could benefit significantly from policies designed to hold police accountable for excessive force. And cities where complaints of police misconduct are rarely ruled in favor of civilians could benefit from creating an oversight structure to independently investigate these complaints.
Here's how to start pushing for change
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Contact your State's Governor and Attorney General, share your scorecard with them and urge them to enact policies to address the issues you've identified:
- MA State Attorney General Maura Healey
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Look up your state and federal representatives below, then tell them to take action to hold police accountable in your community.
Join a team of researchers, students, data scientists, activists and organizers working to collect, analyze and use data for justice and accountability.
Create data visualizations and content that raises awareness about solutions to the issues identified by the data.
What's Next
Step 1: COMPLETED
Obtain data on 100 California cities. Refine methodology in response to feedback from communities, researchers and local officials.
Step 2: COMPLETED
Expand to every major law enforcement agency in America and include additional indicators such as police budgets and jail incarceration.
Step 3: IN PROGRESS
Inform data-driven solutions nationwide. Update as new federal, state and local data are collected. Track progress and hold cities accountable to results.